Cyber-Physical Systems Laboratory - User contributions [en]

WU WSN Research Group Members

2009-03-27T13:31:52Z

Sangbhat: /* Graduate Students */

== Professors ==
* [http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~lu/ Chenyang Lu]
* [http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~roman/ Gruia-Catalin Roman]

== Graduate Students ==
* [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~ochipara/ Octav Chipara]
* [[Chien-Liang Fok]]
* [http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~gwh2/ Greg Hackmann]

== Former Graduate Students ==
* [http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~qingfeng/ Qingfeng Huang] (PhD, 2003): Researcher, Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
* [http://klueska.doesntexist.com/ Kevin Klues] (MS 2007): Research Assistant, Stanford University.
* [http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~xing/ Guoliang Xing] (PhD 2006): Assistant professor, City University of Hong Kong.
* [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat/ Sangeeta Bhattacharya] (PhD 2008)

WU WSN Research Group Members

2009-03-27T13:31:27Z

Sangbhat: /* Former Graduate Students */

== Professors ==
* [http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~lu/ Chenyang Lu]
* [http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~roman/ Gruia-Catalin Roman]

== Graduate Students ==
* [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat/ Sangeeta Bhattacharya]
* [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~ochipara/ Octav Chipara]
* [[Chien-Liang Fok]]
* [http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~gwh2/ Greg Hackmann]

== Former Graduate Students ==
* [http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~qingfeng/ Qingfeng Huang] (PhD, 2003): Researcher, Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
* [http://klueska.doesntexist.com/ Kevin Klues] (MS 2007): Research Assistant, Stanford University.
* [http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~xing/ Guoliang Xing] (PhD 2006): Assistant professor, City University of Hong Kong.
* [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat/ Sangeeta Bhattacharya] (PhD 2008)

Medical WSNs

2008-11-19T04:09:21Z

Sangbhat: /* Medical devices */

__TOC__

= Challenges =

* reliability
* privacy and security
* power management - not all devices are battery powered
* diversity - both a challenge and an opportunity
* fast deployment - disaster recovery scenarios

= Medical devices =

* ECG
* SpO2
* Blood pressure ([http://www.cardguard.com CardGuard])
* Motion analysis board
** for Parkinson's, to identify uncontrolled shaking and fine-tune dosage -- Code blue
** for detecting falls -- UVA
* [http://www.smiths-medical.com/Userfiles/oem/Oxilink_Oxilink%20II.pdf Oxilink OEM Oximeter]
* [http://www.smiths-medical.com/Userfiles/oem/OEM.7127A2.pdf Oximetry board: integrated oximeter/ECG/respiratory board]
* [http://www.smiths-medical.com/bci-oem/ Smith's Medical BCI OEM Technologies]

= Groups =

* [http://www.cs.virginia.edu/wsn/medical/ University of Virginia]: Alarm-NET
* Intel Research Seattle
* University of Washington
* University of Rochester
* Harvard University
* John Hopkins: AID-N
* University of Alabama at Birmingham: [http://www.hires.uab.edu/index.htm Advanced Network Infrastructure for Health and Disaster Management]
* UIUC [http://lion.cs.uiuc.edu/assistedliving/index.html I-Living]

'''Companies:'''
* [http://www.intel.com/healthcare/index.htm?cid=cim:ggl|dighealth_us_digital|k9A2F|s Intel health ]

'''People'''
* [http://www.eng.uah.edu/~jovanov/ Emil Jovanov]

= Projects =

== Overview ==
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|-
|width="100pt"|Project
|width="200pt"|Domain
|width="200pt"|Network Architecture
|width="200pt"|Devices
|width="200pt"|Sensors
|width="200pt"|Provides
|-
|[[#CodeBlue| Code Blue]] || Patient monitoring || Flat architecture, just looks at collection || Motes || SpO2, HR, EKG, motion || Patient monitoring, Reliable Routing, Localization
|-
|[[#AID-N | AID-N]] || Disaster recovery - Triage || Two-tier architecture, 802.15.4 and 802.11 || Motes, PDAs ||SpO2, HR, ECG || Patient monitoring, Continuous monitoring of triage levels
|-
| [[#SMART | SMART]] || disaster recovery, triage || 802.11b || PDAs || SpO2, ECG from MIT || vitals monitoring, analysis & alarms, localization
|-
| [[#Patient_Centric_Network_Project| Patient Centric Network Project]] || || || || || Signal processing algorithms
|-
| [http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~kautz/ac/index.html LACE: Laboratory for Assisted Cognition Environments] || Assisted living || X || X ||X ||
|-
|}

== [http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mdw/proj/codeblue/ CodeBlue] ==

* '''AMDR Routing''':
** support for pub/sub
** routing state proportional to the # of publishers (an entry in the table for each publisher)
** route discovery initiated when a device requests to publish data, requires flooding
** a subscriber that wants to receive data from a channel sends a route reply on the reverse path (handles asymmetric links)
** routes are updated through periodic floods (every 15s)
** negative results on mobility
** path metric (PDR)
*** for each link, estimate LDR by mapping the measured LQI to a link delivery estimator. This model is determined empirically.
*** PDR is the product of all LDRs of the links along the path
** see [http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mdw/papers/codeblue-techrept05.pdf CodeBlue Technical Report]

== [http://smart.csail.mit.edu/ SMART] ==
Scalable Medical Alert Response Technology (SMART)

'''Notes:'''

Good background section.

'''References:'''
# Curtis DW, Pino EJ, Bailey JM, Shih EI, Waterman J, Vinterbo SA, Stair TO, Guttag JV, Greenes RA, Ohno-Machado L, SMART An Integrated Wireless System for Monitoring Unattended Patients. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2008 January-February; 15(1):44-53.

== AID-N ==

* AID-N(Advanced Health and Disaster Network)
* Uses CodeBlue devices
* Uses Flows routing (part of [http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mainland/publications/ Flusk])

'''References:'''
# Tia Gao; D. Greenspan; M. Welsh; R.R. Juang; A. Alm, "Vital Signs Monitoring and Patient Tracking Over a Wireless Network," Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2005. IEEE-EMBS 2005. 27th Annual International Conference of the , vol., no., pp.102-105, 2005

== Alarm-NET ==

* Domain: assisted living, circadian activity rhythms (CAR)
* Network architecture:
** Spans body networks, sensor networks and IP networks
** Query service to collect data
** Emphasis on dynamic security
** Use CAR information for security and power management
* Devices: heterogeneous - motes, PDAs and PCs
* Sensors:
** medical: pulse, blood oxygenaton
** non-medical: temperature, light, infrared motion

'''References:'''
# A. Wood, G. Virone, T. Doan, Q. Cao, L. Selavo, Y. Wu, L. Fang, Z. He, S. Lin, J. Stankovic, “ALARM-NET: Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring,” Technical Report

== [https://www.wiisard.org/ WiiSard] ==

[http://www.calit2.net/newsroom/article.php?id=844 WiiSard Trial]

== [http://nms.csail.mit.edu/projects/pcn/ Patient Centric Network Project] ==

= Conferences =
# [http://healthnet07.cs.uiuc.edu/index.html HealthNet 2007]

= URLs =
[http://www.agingtech.org/index.aspx Great resource for assisted living projects]
[http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=206104047 Band-aids ]

Medical WSNs

2008-11-19T04:08:46Z

Sangbhat: /* Medical devices */

__TOC__

= Challenges =

* reliability
* privacy and security
* power management - not all devices are battery powered
* diversity - both a challenge and an opportunity
* fast deployment - disaster recovery scenarios

= Medical devices =

* ECG
* SpO2
* Blood pressure ([http://www.cardguard.com CardGuard])
* Motion analysis board
** for Parkinson's, to identify uncontrolled shaking and fine-tune dosage -- Code blue
** for detecting falls -- UVA
* [http://www.smiths-medical.com/Userfiles/oem/Oxilink_Oxilink%20II.pdf Oxilink OEM Oximeter]
* Oximetry board: integrated oximeter/ECG/respiratory board([http://www.smiths-medical.com/Userfiles/oem/OEM.7127A2.pdf])
* [http://www.smiths-medical.com/bci-oem/ Smith's Medical BCI OEM Technologies]

= Groups =

* [http://www.cs.virginia.edu/wsn/medical/ University of Virginia]: Alarm-NET
* Intel Research Seattle
* University of Washington
* University of Rochester
* Harvard University
* John Hopkins: AID-N
* University of Alabama at Birmingham: [http://www.hires.uab.edu/index.htm Advanced Network Infrastructure for Health and Disaster Management]
* UIUC [http://lion.cs.uiuc.edu/assistedliving/index.html I-Living]

'''Companies:'''
* [http://www.intel.com/healthcare/index.htm?cid=cim:ggl|dighealth_us_digital|k9A2F|s Intel health ]

'''People'''
* [http://www.eng.uah.edu/~jovanov/ Emil Jovanov]

= Projects =

== Overview ==
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|-
|width="100pt"|Project
|width="200pt"|Domain
|width="200pt"|Network Architecture
|width="200pt"|Devices
|width="200pt"|Sensors
|width="200pt"|Provides
|-
|[[#CodeBlue| Code Blue]] || Patient monitoring || Flat architecture, just looks at collection || Motes || SpO2, HR, EKG, motion || Patient monitoring, Reliable Routing, Localization
|-
|[[#AID-N | AID-N]] || Disaster recovery - Triage || Two-tier architecture, 802.15.4 and 802.11 || Motes, PDAs ||SpO2, HR, ECG || Patient monitoring, Continuous monitoring of triage levels
|-
| [[#SMART | SMART]] || disaster recovery, triage || 802.11b || PDAs || SpO2, ECG from MIT || vitals monitoring, analysis & alarms, localization
|-
| [[#Patient_Centric_Network_Project| Patient Centric Network Project]] || || || || || Signal processing algorithms
|-
| [http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~kautz/ac/index.html LACE: Laboratory for Assisted Cognition Environments] || Assisted living || X || X ||X ||
|-
|}

== [http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mdw/proj/codeblue/ CodeBlue] ==

* '''AMDR Routing''':
** support for pub/sub
** routing state proportional to the # of publishers (an entry in the table for each publisher)
** route discovery initiated when a device requests to publish data, requires flooding
** a subscriber that wants to receive data from a channel sends a route reply on the reverse path (handles asymmetric links)
** routes are updated through periodic floods (every 15s)
** negative results on mobility
** path metric (PDR)
*** for each link, estimate LDR by mapping the measured LQI to a link delivery estimator. This model is determined empirically.
*** PDR is the product of all LDRs of the links along the path
** see [http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mdw/papers/codeblue-techrept05.pdf CodeBlue Technical Report]

== [http://smart.csail.mit.edu/ SMART] ==
Scalable Medical Alert Response Technology (SMART)

'''Notes:'''

Good background section.

'''References:'''
# Curtis DW, Pino EJ, Bailey JM, Shih EI, Waterman J, Vinterbo SA, Stair TO, Guttag JV, Greenes RA, Ohno-Machado L, SMART An Integrated Wireless System for Monitoring Unattended Patients. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2008 January-February; 15(1):44-53.

== AID-N ==

* AID-N(Advanced Health and Disaster Network)
* Uses CodeBlue devices
* Uses Flows routing (part of [http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mainland/publications/ Flusk])

'''References:'''
# Tia Gao; D. Greenspan; M. Welsh; R.R. Juang; A. Alm, "Vital Signs Monitoring and Patient Tracking Over a Wireless Network," Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2005. IEEE-EMBS 2005. 27th Annual International Conference of the , vol., no., pp.102-105, 2005

== Alarm-NET ==

* Domain: assisted living, circadian activity rhythms (CAR)
* Network architecture:
** Spans body networks, sensor networks and IP networks
** Query service to collect data
** Emphasis on dynamic security
** Use CAR information for security and power management
* Devices: heterogeneous - motes, PDAs and PCs
* Sensors:
** medical: pulse, blood oxygenaton
** non-medical: temperature, light, infrared motion

'''References:'''
# A. Wood, G. Virone, T. Doan, Q. Cao, L. Selavo, Y. Wu, L. Fang, Z. He, S. Lin, J. Stankovic, “ALARM-NET: Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring,” Technical Report

== [https://www.wiisard.org/ WiiSard] ==

[http://www.calit2.net/newsroom/article.php?id=844 WiiSard Trial]

== [http://nms.csail.mit.edu/projects/pcn/ Patient Centric Network Project] ==

= Conferences =
# [http://healthnet07.cs.uiuc.edu/index.html HealthNet 2007]

= URLs =
[http://www.agingtech.org/index.aspx Great resource for assisted living projects]
[http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=206104047 Band-aids ]

Building Automation

2008-11-10T18:47:47Z

Sangbhat:

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Related Work ==

[http://www.cse.wustl.edu/wsn/index.php?title=UMADE Utility-based Multi-Application Deployment Environment]

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Applications ==

* Building access controls
* HVAC controls
* Lighting controllers
* Thermostat
* Lifts / Elevators
* Escalators
* Remote alarm triggering
* Water Management
* Electrical blinds

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]
* W. Steven Conner, John Heidemann, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Xi Wang, Mark Yarvis, [ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-591.pdf Workplace Applications of Sensor Networks], USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-591
* [http://sbt.siemens.com/bau/products/wireless/ Siemens APOGEE® Wireless building automation solutions]
* Thomas Haenselmann, Thomas King, Marcel Busse, Wolfgang Effelsberg, and Markus Fuchs, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/c005472r2204h365/fulltext.pdf Scriptable Sensor Network Based Home-Automation]
* W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Soucek, and H. M. Newman. [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/30937/01435745.pdf Communication systems for building automation and control]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 93(6):1178–1203, June 2005.
* [https://projects.ibbt.be/wba/ Wireless Building Automation]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* [http://www.gridlogix.com/Applications/EnergyManagement/tabid/941/Default.aspx Gridlogix]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/publish/us/en/products/building_efficiency.html Johnson Controls]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

UMADE

2008-11-10T18:43:01Z

Sangbhat:

== Abstract ==

Wireless sensor networks have traditionally been used as specialized single-application platforms. However, with the emergence of integrated sensing systems such as automatic building management, wireless sensor networks are evolving into shared, multi-application infrastructure. This paradigm shift raises the need for a framework for deploying multiple applications on a wireless sensor network such that application QoS requirements are met while also optimizing the use of the limited sensor network resources. While several deployment and management toolkits have been developed for wireless sensor networks, none of these toolkits have the capability of addressing this problem. Hence, we propose a novel Utility-based Multi-Application Deployment Environment (UMADE) that supports the end-to-end process of (a) application QoS specification, (b) dynamic sensor node memory allocation that maximizes overall system utility, (c) automatic application deployment and (d) dynamic resource adaptation to network and application dynamics. We have implemented and evaluated UMADE on a wireless sensor network testbed of 28 motes, in the context of real applications required for building automation. Our evaluation results show that UMADE (a) successfully deploys multiple, dynamically arriving applications in a shared wireless sensor network, (b) achieves near-optimal sensor node allocations during each deployment, and (c) consistently improves the overall system utility. In addition to this we also present simulation results that evaluate the scalability of our system. Both our simulation and experimental results validate the feasibility and efficacy of utility-based multi-application deployment in shared wireless sensor networks.

== Publications ==

* Bhattacharya S, Lu C., Roman G.-C., “[http://www.cse.seas.wustl.edu/Research/FileDownload.asp?808 Utility-based Multi-Application Deployment in Shared Wireless Sensor Networks],” Technical Report WUCSE-2008-17, Washington University in St. Louis, 2008. (under review)

== People ==

This work is being conducted by [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya], a current PhD student, under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

UMADE

2008-11-10T18:41:57Z

Sangbhat:

== Abstract ==

Wireless sensor networks have traditionally been used as specialized single-application platforms. However, with the emergence of integrated sensing systems such as automatic building management, wireless sensor networks are evolving into shared, multi-application infrastructure. This paradigm shift raises the need for a framework for deploying multiple applications on a wireless sensor network such that application QoS requirements are met while also optimizing the use of the limited sensor network resources. While several deployment and management toolkits have been developed for wireless sensor networks, none of these toolkits have the capability of addressing this problem. Hence, we propose a novel Utility-based Multi-Application Deployment Environment (UMADE) that supports the end-to-end process of (a) application QoS specification, (b) dynamic sensor node memory allocation that maximizes overall system utility, (c) automatic application deployment and (d) dynamic resource adaptation to network and application dynamics. We have implemented and evaluated UMADE on a wireless sensor network testbed of 28 motes, in the context of real applications required for building automation. Our evaluation results show that UMADE (a) successfully deploys multiple, dynamically arriving applications in a shared wireless sensor network, (b) achieves near-optimal sensor node allocations during each deployment, and (c) consistently improves the overall system utility. In addition to this we also present simulation results that evaluate the scalability of our system. Both our simulation and experimental results validate the feasibility and efficacy of utility-based multi-application deployment in shared wireless sensor networks.

== Publications ==

Bhattacharya S, Lu C., Roman G.-C., “Utility-based Multi-Application Deployment in Shared Wireless Sensor Networks,” Technical Report WUCSE-2008-17, Washington University in St. Louis, 2008. (under review)

== People ==

This work is being conducted by [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya], a current PhD student, under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-15T20:56:29Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Applications ==

* Building access controls
* HVAC controls
* Lighting controllers
* Thermostat
* Lifts / Elevators
* Escalators
* Remote alarm triggering
* Water Management
* Electrical blinds

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]
* W. Steven Conner, John Heidemann, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Xi Wang, Mark Yarvis, [ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-591.pdf Workplace Applications of Sensor Networks], USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-591
* [http://sbt.siemens.com/bau/products/wireless/ Siemens APOGEE® Wireless building automation solutions]
* Thomas Haenselmann, Thomas King, Marcel Busse, Wolfgang Effelsberg, and Markus Fuchs, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/c005472r2204h365/fulltext.pdf Scriptable Sensor Network Based Home-Automation]
* W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Soucek, and H. M. Newman. [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/30937/01435745.pdf Communication systems for building automation and control]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 93(6):1178–1203, June 2005.
* [https://projects.ibbt.be/wba/ Wireless Building Automation]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* [http://www.gridlogix.com/Applications/EnergyManagement/tabid/941/Default.aspx Gridlogix]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/publish/us/en/products/building_efficiency.html Johnson Controls]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-09T20:56:49Z

Sangbhat: /* Companies */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Applications ==

* Building access controls
* HVAC controls
* Lighting controllers
* Thermostat
* Lifts / Elevators
* Escalators
* Remote alarm triggering
* Water Management
* Electrical blinds

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]
* W. Steven Conner, John Heidemann, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Xi Wang, Mark Yarvis, [ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-591.pdf Workplace Applications of Sensor Networks], USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-591
* [http://sbt.siemens.com/bau/products/wireless/ Siemens APOGEE® Wireless building automation solutions]
* Thomas Haenselmann, Thomas King, Marcel Busse, Wolfgang Effelsberg, and Markus Fuchs, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/c005472r2204h365/fulltext.pdf Scriptable Sensor Network Based Home-Automation]
* W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Soucek, and H. M. Newman. [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/30937/01435745.pdf Communication systems for building automation and control]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 93(6):1178–1203, June 2005.

== Companies ==

* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* [http://www.gridlogix.com/Applications/EnergyManagement/tabid/941/Default.aspx Gridlogix]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/publish/us/en/products/building_efficiency.html Johnson Controls]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T21:31:45Z

Sangbhat: /* Companies */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Applications ==

* Building access controls
* HVAC controls
* Lighting controllers
* Thermostat
* Lifts / Elevators
* Escalators
* Remote alarm triggering
* Water Management
* Electrical blinds

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]
* W. Steven Conner, John Heidemann, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Xi Wang, Mark Yarvis, [ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-591.pdf Workplace Applications of Sensor Networks], USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-591
* [http://sbt.siemens.com/bau/products/wireless/ Siemens APOGEE® Wireless building automation solutions]
* Thomas Haenselmann, Thomas King, Marcel Busse, Wolfgang Effelsberg, and Markus Fuchs, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/c005472r2204h365/fulltext.pdf Scriptable Sensor Network Based Home-Automation]
* W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Soucek, and H. M. Newman. [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/30937/01435745.pdf Communication systems for building automation and control]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 93(6):1178–1203, June 2005.

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* [http://www.gridlogix.com/Applications/EnergyManagement/tabid/941/Default.aspx Gridlogix]
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T08:18:43Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Applications ==

* Building access controls
* HVAC controls
* Lighting controllers
* Thermostat
* Lifts / Elevators
* Escalators
* Remote alarm triggering
* Water Management
* Electrical blinds

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]
* W. Steven Conner, John Heidemann, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Xi Wang, Mark Yarvis, [ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-591.pdf Workplace Applications of Sensor Networks], USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-591
* [http://sbt.siemens.com/bau/products/wireless/ Siemens APOGEE® Wireless building automation solutions]
* Thomas Haenselmann, Thomas King, Marcel Busse, Wolfgang Effelsberg, and Markus Fuchs, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/c005472r2204h365/fulltext.pdf Scriptable Sensor Network Based Home-Automation]
* W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Soucek, and H. M. Newman. [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/30937/01435745.pdf Communication systems for building automation and control]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 93(6):1178–1203, June 2005.

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T08:06:21Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Applications ==

* Building access controls
* HVAC controls
* Lighting controllers
* Thermostat
* Lifts / Elevators
* Escalators
* Remote alarm triggering
* Water Management
* Electrical blinds

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]
* W. Steven Conner, John Heidemann, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Xi Wang, Mark Yarvis, [ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-591.pdf Workplace Applications of Sensor Networks], USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-591
* [http://sbt.siemens.com/bau/products/wireless/ Siemens APOGEE® Wireless building automation solutions]
* Thomas Haenselmann, Thomas King, Marcel Busse, Wolfgang Effelsberg, and Markus Fuchs, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/c005472r2204h365/fulltext.pdf Scriptable Sensor Network Based Home-Automation]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T07:57:34Z

Sangbhat:

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Applications ==

* Building access controls
* HVAC controls
* Lighting controllers
* Thermostat
* Lifts / Elevators
* Escalators
* Remote alarm triggering
* Water Management
* Electrical blinds

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]
* W. Steven Conner, John Heidemann, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Xi Wang, Mark Yarvis, [ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-591.pdf Workplace Applications of Sensor Networks], USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-591
* [http://sbt.siemens.com/bau/products/wireless/ Siemens APOGEE® Wireless building automation solutions]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T07:53:45Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]
* W. Steven Conner, John Heidemann, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Xi Wang, Mark Yarvis, [ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-591.pdf Workplace Applications of Sensor Networks], USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-591
* [http://sbt.siemens.com/bau/products/wireless/ Siemens APOGEE® Wireless building automation solutions]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T07:50:19Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]
* W. Steven Conner, John Heidemann, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Xi Wang, Mark Yarvis, [ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-591.pdf Workplace Applications of Sensor Networks], USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-591

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T07:47:15Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T07:43:02Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T07:40:10Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T07:09:53Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T07:09:37Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building
Automation]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T06:59:35Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T06:50:47Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T06:07:52Z

Sangbhat: /* People */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T06:06:32Z

Sangbhat: /* People */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~fok Chien-Liang Fok], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T06:05:21Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya], a current PhD student, under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T05:58:20Z

Sangbhat: /* News Articles */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya], a current PhD student, under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T05:35:00Z

Sangbhat: /* Companies */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya], a current PhD student, under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T05:27:07Z

Sangbhat: /* News Articles */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya], a current PhD student, under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T05:17:59Z

Sangbhat: /* Companies */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya], a current PhD student, under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T04:43:58Z

Sangbhat: /* News Articles */

[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
* increased system reliability
* better algorithms and optimization techniques
* real time monitoring and analysis

 

We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

== Sensors ==

* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]

== Resources ==

* NIST Project, [http://www2.bfrl.nist.gov/projects/projcontain.asp?cc=8634120000 Development of testbed for wireless sensor network use in buildings]
* DOE report, [http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tech/controls/pdfs/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf Advanced Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways]
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation. The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time. The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].

<blockquote>
''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.''
</blockquote>

* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton. It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].

== Companies ==

* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
* Gridlogic
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]

== News Articles ==
* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]

== People ==

This work is being conducted by [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya], a current PhD student, under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Building Automation

2008-05-05T04:41:54Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-05-05T04:28:53Z

Sangbhat: /* Companies */

Building Automation

2008-05-05T04:22:10Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-05-05T03:41:27Z

Sangbhat: /* Resources */

Building Automation

2008-05-05T03:24:02Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-05-05T03:04:34Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-05-05T03:00:21Z

Sangbhat:

List of Potential Papers

2008-05-05T02:41:03Z

Sangbhat:

This is a list of potential papers that may be presented as CSE 730x seminar. If you find a paper that is interesting, related to wireless sensor networks, or related to your research, and has not been already presented in seminar, please add it here. If you choose to present one of these papers, please remove it from the list and update the [[Research Seminar|main seminar webpage]].

<pre>
Noncooperative Power Control and Transmission Scheduling in Wireless Collision Channels
Ishai Menache, Nahum Shimkin (Technion, Israel)
SIGMETRICS'08
</pre>

<pre>
Interaction-Aware Energy Management for Wireless Network Cards
Igor Crk, Chris Gniady, Mingsong Bi (U. of Arizona, USA)
SIGMETRICS'08
</pre>

<pre>
Effects of Correlated Shadowing: Connectivity, Localization, and RF Tomography
Neal Patwari, Piyush Agrawal (University of Utah)
IPSN'08
</pre>

<pre>
Sensor Selection for Minimizing Worst-case Prediction Error
Abhimanyu Das, David Kempe (Univ of Southern California)
IPSN'08
</pre>

<pre>
TRANSACT: A Transactional Framework for Programming Wireless Sensor/Actor Networks
Murat Demirbas, Onur Soysal, Muzammil Hussain (SUNY Buffalo)
IPSN'08
</pre>

<pre>
The Energy Endoscope: Real-time Detailed Energy Accounting for Wireless Sensor Nodes
Thanos Stathopoulos, Dustin McIntire, William J. Kaiser (UCLA)
IPSN'08
</pre>

<pre>
On the Use of Mutual Information to Compare the Performance of Wireless Sensor Networks in Detection Applications
Benedito Fonseca Jr (Motorola Labs), John Gubner (University of Wisconsin -Madison)
IPSN'08
</pre>

<pre>
Exploring in-situ sensing irregularity in wireless sensor networks
Joengmin Hwang, Tian He, and Yongdae Kim
SenSys'07
http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~tianhe/Papers/SAM-SenSys07.pdf
</pre>

<pre>
A Global Geometric Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/290/5500/2319.pdf
</pre>

List of Potential Papers

2008-05-05T02:40:23Z

Sangbhat:

This is a list of potential papers that may be presented as CSE 730x seminar. If you find a paper that is interesting, related to wireless sensor networks, or related to your research, and has not been already presented in seminar, please add it here. If you choose to present one of these papers, please remove it from the list and update the [[Research Seminar|main seminar webpage]].

<pre>
Noncooperative Power Control and Transmission Scheduling in Wireless Collision Channels
Ishai Menache, Nahum Shimkin (Technion, Israel)
SIGMETRICS'08
</pre>

<pre>
Interaction-Aware Energy Management for Wireless Network Cards
Igor Crk, Chris Gniady, Mingsong Bi (U. of Arizona, USA)
SIGMETRICS'08
</pre>

<pre>
Effects of Correlated Shadowing: Connectivity, Localization, and RF Tomography
Neal Patwari, Piyush Agrawal (University of Utah)
IPSN'08
</pre>

<pre>
Sensor Selection for Minimizing Worst-case Prediction Error
Abhimanyu Das, David Kempe (Univ of Southern California)
IPSN'08
</pre>

<pre>
TRANSACT: A Transactional Framework for Programming Wireless Sensor/Actor Networks
Murat Demirbas, Onur Soysal, Muzammil Hussain (SUNY Buffalo)
IPSN'08
</pre>

<pre>
The Energy Endoscope: Real-time Detailed Energy Accounting for Wireless Sensor Nodes
Thanos Stathopoulos, Dustin McIntire, William J. Kaiser (UCLA)
IPSN'08
</pre>

<pre>
On the Use of Mutual Information to Compare the Performance of Wireless Sensor Networks in Detection Applications
Benedito Fonseca Jr (Motorola Labs), John Gubner (University of Wisconsin -Madison)
IPSN'08
</pre>

<pre>
[http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~tianhe/Papers/SAM-SenSys07.pdf Exploring in-situ sensing irregularity in wireless sensor networks]
Joengmin Hwang, Tian He, and Yongdae Kim
SenSys'07
</pre>

<pre>
[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/290/5500/2319.pdf A Global Geometric Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction]
</pre>

Building Automation

2008-05-02T21:46:47Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-05-02T18:44:00Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-05-02T18:34:01Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-05-02T18:21:11Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-05-02T16:57:03Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-04-29T08:11:04Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-04-29T08:10:01Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-04-29T08:08:55Z

Sangbhat:

Building Automation

2008-04-29T08:07:46Z

Sangbhat:

MediaWiki:Sidebar

2008-04-29T07:46:33Z

Sangbhat:

WU WSN Research Lab

2008-04-29T07:45:52Z

Sangbhat: /* Projects */

This is the website of the wireless sensor network (WSN) research group at [http://www.wustl.edu/ Washington University in St. Louis]. It is run by [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Gruia-Catalin Roman] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Chenyang Lu].

== Sections ==
* [[WU WSN Research Group Members|Group Members]]
* [[Research Seminar]]
* [[WSN Papers by Category]]

== Projects ==
* [[Agilla]] - A mobile agent middleware for wireless sensor networks.
* [[Building Automation]] - The use of WSNs for building automation.
* [[Multi-resolution Location Directory Service|Location Directory Service]] - A mobile entity location monitoring system.
* [[Medical WSNs]] - Wireless sensor network technology for the medical domain
* [[Real-time WSNs]] - Real-time support for sensor networks
* [[Structural Health Monitoring]] - The use of WSNs for monitoring the health of civil structures.
* [[Testbed|WSN Testbed]] - A WSN deployment in the WU CSE department, made possible by NSF CRI.

== Tutorials ==
* [[TinyOS 1.x Installation]] - This provides instructions on how to install TinyOS from the CVS source tree. Note that TinyOS 1.x is no longer in active devepment and that all new projects should use TinyOS 2.x.

== Grants & Acknowledgements ==

* [[Fluid Infrastructure for Wireless Sensor Networks]] (NSF grant CNS-0520220) - Develop software architectures for WSNs that promote ease of use, flexibility, and extensibility. It is made possible by NSF NeTS-NOSS.
* [[Universal Power Management Architecture]] - Develop a generic power management architecture that can be used and quickly ported onto any WSN platform. It is made possible by NSF NeTS-NOSS.