Difference between revisions of "Building Automation"

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Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as a major means of reducing energy usage in buildings. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have achieved between 20\% to 80\% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several building automation systems (BAS) have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved a significant market penetration nor have they successfully achieved their full potential. Several issues still remain unresolved, like:
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[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]
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* increased interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC, lighting control etc.
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Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:
 +
* interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
 
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
 
* use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
 
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
 
* increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
 
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
 
* integration with installed IT enterprise networks
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* better application modeling and deployment toolkit
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* better application modeling and deployment toolkits
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* increased system reliability
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* better algorithms and optimization techniques
 
* real time monitoring and analysis
 
* real time monitoring and analysis
  
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In this project we try to explore the use of WSNs for building automation. The use of sensor networks for building automation enables high-density sensing and control at lower operational costs and could therefore enable more efficient building management. Figure 1. shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.
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<br style="clear:both;" />
  
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We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables '''high-density sensing''' and control at '''lower operational costs''' and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.
  
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== Related Work ==
  
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[[Image:BuildingAutomation.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|Building Automation using WSNs]]
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[http://www.cse.wustl.edu/wsn/index.php?title=UMADE Utility-based Multi-Application Deployment Environment]
  
 
== Sensors ==
 
== Sensors ==
  
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* Air Quality Sensors
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* [http://www.figarosensor.com/gaslist.html Air Quality Sensors]
 
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]
 
* [http://www.easysen.com/SBT80.htm IR/acoustic Sensors]
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== Applications ==
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    * Building access controls
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    * HVAC controls
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    * Lighting controllers
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    * Thermostat
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    * Lifts / Elevators
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    * Escalators
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    * Remote alarm triggering
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    * Water Management
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    * Electrical blinds
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== Resources ==
 
== Resources ==
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* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
 
* [http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2005-02-10-Muenchen/1-2-neugebauer.pdf Sensor Networks for Building Automation: Energy Efficiency]
 
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
 
* [http://www.galvinpower.org/files/Appendix_A_Data%20Sources.pdf Interesting List of Data Sources]
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*Österlind, Fredrik and Pramsten, Erik and Roberthson, Daniel and Eriksson, Joakim and Finne, Niclas and Voigt, Thiemo (2007) [http://eprints.sics.se/2609/01/etfa2007.pdf Integrating Building Automation Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks]. In: 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 25-28 September 2007, Patras, Greece. [ftp://ftp.sics.se/pub/SICS-reports/Reports/SICS-T--2007-04--SE.pdf Tech-Report]
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* Christian Reinisch, Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, Wolfgang Granzer [http://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/~creinisch/papers/Wireless-INDIN07.pdf Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation], INDIN'07.
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* [https://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/downloads/knxsci06/reinisch-wireless-knxsci06-website.pdf Wireless Communication in KNX/EIB]
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* [http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/863/heat_transfer_group/pubs/BFRLSeminar_Dec2005.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks for Applications In and Around Buildings]
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* [https://www.rdb.ethz.ch/projects/project.php?proj_id=17833 ETH Building Automation Project]
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* [http://www.millennialnet.com/resources/industrynotes/IndNote_BuildingAutomation.pdf Millennial Net MeshScape]
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* Suet-Fei Li, Vlado Handziski, Andreas Köpke, Martin Kubisch, Adam Wolisz (TU Berlin) [http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/sensors2005_v3.pdf A Wireless Sensor Network Testbed Supporting Controlled In-building Experiments], In Proc. of 12 Sensor Kongress, May 2005.
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* [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/documents/005-0171A_RF_White_Paper.pdf Here] is an interesting whitepaper by Echelon Corporation regarding their evaluation of using RF technology for building automation.  The basic conclusion of the paper is that RF is not ready for prime time.  The paper was released in 2005. More interesting Echelon papers [http://www.echelon.com/support/documentation/whitepapers.htm here].
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<blockquote>
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''Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.'' 
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</blockquote>
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* Ira Goldschmidt. "[http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/SPEE-11-98.html The Development Of BACnet]" in the Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, Fall'98, Association of Energy Engineers.
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* [http://www.z-wave.com/ Z-Wave] - This is a proprietary wireless communication interface that is nearly ubiquitous among light control manufacturers including Cooper, GE, Intermatic, and Leviton.  It is in direct competition with [http://www.zigbee.org/ ZigBee], an open standard that is built on top of [http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html IEEE 802.15.4].
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* [http://www.technet.pnl.gov/sensors/electronics/projects/ES4BldgWrlsInt.stm Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]
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* [http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/835520-W8cR44/native/835520.pdf Converging Redundant Sensor Network Information for Improved Building Control]
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* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/buildingpapers.htm Echelon Building Automation White Papers]
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* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/content/publications/2006/WBA_IST2006_WVDB_final.pdf A System Architecture for Wireless Building Automation]
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* [http://www.sensorsexpo.com/convdata/spring04/brochures/NC5-Rhee.pdf Increasing Capacity in Wireless Sensor Networks]
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* Vipul Singhvi and Andreas Krause and Carlos Guestrin and James H. Garrett, Jr. and H. Scott Matthews, [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1098918.1098942 Intelligent light control using sensor networks], SenSys'05
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* [http://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/white_paper/wp_sensors_for_automation.pdf Wireless Sensor Solutions for Home and Building Automation]
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* W. Steven Conner, John Heidemann, Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Xi Wang, Mark Yarvis, [ftp://ftp.isi.edu/isi-pubs/tr-591.pdf Workplace Applications of Sensor Networks], USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-591
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* [http://sbt.siemens.com/bau/products/wireless/ Siemens APOGEE® Wireless building automation solutions]
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* Thomas Haenselmann, Thomas King, Marcel Busse, Wolfgang Effelsberg, and Markus Fuchs, [http://www.springerlink.com/content/c005472r2204h365/fulltext.pdf Scriptable Sensor Network Based Home-Automation]
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* W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Soucek, and H. M. Newman. [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/30937/01435745.pdf Communication systems for building automation and control]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 93(6):1178–1203, June 2005.
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* [https://projects.ibbt.be/wba/ Wireless Building Automation]
  
 
== Companies ==
 
== Companies ==
  
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* [http://www.dustnetworks.com/applications/building.shtml Dust Networks]
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* [http://www.echelon.com/solutions/building/ Echelon]
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* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
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* [http://www.gridlogix.com/Applications/EnergyManagement/tabid/941/Default.aspx Gridlogix]
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* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
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* [http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/publish/us/en/products/building_efficiency.html Johnson Controls]
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* [http://www.meshnetics.com/zigbee-applications/building-automation/ MeshNetics]
 
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
 
* [http://www.millennialnet.com/industries/buildingautomation.php Millennial Net]
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* [http://www.ember.com/applications_building_automation.html Ember]
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* [http://www.richards-zeta.com/intelligentbldg.shtml Richards-Zeta]
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* Gridlogic
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* [http://www.sensinode.com/top/information.php?info_id=26 Sensinode]
 
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
 
* [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/ Siemens]
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* [https://buildingsolutions.honeywell.com/Cultures/en-US/ServicesSolutions/BuildingAutomationControls/BuildingControls/ Honeywell]
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* [http://www.spinwavesystems.com/ Spinwave Systems]
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== News Articles ==
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* [http://www.ember.com/press_release.html?id=176 Ember launches professional-grade sensor network software]
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* [http://www.edn.com/article/CA624945.html?industryid=2817 Thinking inside the box: Buildings get a brain]
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* [http://www.ukprwire.com/Detailed/Technology/MeshNetics_Wins_Industry_Honours_for_its_ZigBee_Solution_in_Building_Automation_4407.shtml  MeshNetics Wins Industry Honours for its ZigBee™ Solution in Building Automation]
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* [http://archive.evaluationengineering.com/archive/articles/0704/0704sensor_networks.asp Wireless Sensor Networks]
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* [http://automatedbuildings.com/news/mar07/interviews/070227114242lapointe.htm New Standard in Wireless Sensors for the Building Automation Market]
  
 
== People ==
 
== People ==
  
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This work is being conducted by [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya], a current PhD student, under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].
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This work is being conducted by PhD students [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~sangbhat Sangeeta Bhattacharya] and [[Chien-Liang Fok]], under the guidance of [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~lu Dr. Chenyang Lu] and [http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~roman Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman].

Latest revision as of 18:47, 10 November 2008

Building Automation using WSNs

Building automation was identified, a few years ago, as an effective way of achieving (a) efficient long-term building management and (b) considerable reductions in building energy costs. Some already installed building automation systems (BAS) have successfully achieved between 20% to 80% reductions in energy cost, increased occupant security/safety, increased occupant comfort and a reduction in building operations cost. Although several BAS have been installed so far, they have not yet achieved significant market penetration nor have they been utilized to their full potential. This is due to the existence of several unresolved issues like:

  • interoperability between individual sub-systems like HVAC control, lighting control etc.
  • use of wireless sensors that facilitate reduced installation/wiring cost
  • increased information sharing between the various sub-systems
  • integration with installed IT enterprise networks
  • better application modeling and deployment toolkits
  • increased system reliability
  • better algorithms and optimization techniques
  • real time monitoring and analysis


We try to address some of these issues by exploring the feasibility of using WSNs for building automation. The use of wireless sensor networks for building automation enables high-density sensing and control at lower operational costs and could therefore enable more efficient building management. The figure, above, shows an example of a WSN deployment for building automation.

Related Work

Utility-based Multi-Application Deployment Environment

Sensors

Applications

   * Building access controls
   * HVAC controls
   * Lighting controllers
   * Thermostat
   * Lifts / Elevators
   * Escalators
   * Remote alarm triggering
   * Water Management
   * Electrical blinds


Resources

Echelon recently completed a year-long investigation of these technologies, and our findings were very different than we expected. We expected to test high-performance, highly reliable twisted pair replacements, but found just the opposite: the new RF technologies offered very poor robustness against sources of interference, very limited distance operation, mediocre battery performance, and in one case, response times slower than sneaker net.

Companies

News Articles

People

This work is being conducted by PhD students Sangeeta Bhattacharya and Chien-Liang Fok, under the guidance of Dr. Chenyang Lu and Dr. Gruia-Catalin Roman.

Retrieved from "http://wsn.cse.wustl.edu/index.php?title=Building_Automation&oldid=1222"